Journal of Life Science and Biomedicine  
J Life Sci Biomed, 9(1): 01-04, 2019  
ISSN 2251-9939  
Features of the psychoemotional condition of  
women with induced pregnancy  
Munira Miryusupovna ASATOVA, Shakhlo Shamuradovna SAIDAZOVA, and Gavkhar Alisherovna VOITOVA   
Tashkent Institute for Post-Graduate Medical Education, Tashkent, Uzbekistan  
Corresponding author’s Email: gavkharvoitova@gmail.com  
ABSTRACT  
Original Article  
PII: S225199391900001-9  
The objective of the present study was to evaluate special features of the psychological health  
of women with induced pregnancy and its relationship with nausea and vomiting. The  
Spielberger scale score results of 270 women with nausea and vomiting during of induced-  
pregnancy (NVIP) has been studied. The mean age of the women was 25±4.2 years. Results  
Rec. 13 Dec. 2018  
Rev. 23 Dec. 2018  
showed that, 31 (11,5%), 118 (43.7%) and 121 (44.8%) of pregnant women with NVIP had low,  
moderate and high degree of anxiety, respectively. Most of the surveyed women with NVIP  
(72.2%) experienced a high level of situational anxiety. For moderate and low degrees of state  
anxiety, the approximately equal frequency was registered, 14.1% (n=38) and 13.7% (n = 37),  
respectively. The state of tension and regretful from the current situation was noted by 175  
(64.8%), anxiety and nervousness were registered in 158 (58.5%) and 207 (76.7%) cases,  
respectively. 147 (54.4%) and 187 (69.3%) women, respectively, noted their excitement for  
possible failures and concern. 72.2% of women with induced pregnancy have state anxiety as a  
result of the emotional reaction to NVIP, which indicates the need for counseling by  
psychologists.  
Pub. 25 Jan. 2019  
Keywords  
Induced Pregnancy,  
First Trimester,  
Nausea and Vomiting,  
Trait and State Anxiety,  
Spielberger Scale  
INTRODUCTION  
It is known that the ratio of indicators of a woman's mental health (stress resistance, trait anxiety, emotionality  
and emotional reactivity) form a single system during pregnancy and reflects the general psycho-emotional  
condition of a woman [1, 2].  
Most often, changes in the psycho-emotional background during pregnancy lead to the development of  
depressive and anxiety disorders. Changes in the psycho-emotional state of women who have long suffered  
from infertility are of particular relevance.  
Symptoms of anxiety during pregnancy can relate to several types of anxiety, such as general anxiety,  
anxiety disorders and anxiety related to pregnancy, anxiety characterized by specific fears and anxieties [3].  
At the same time, numerous factors related to the causes of infertility, the duration of treatment and  
psychological stress can affect the functional state of various physiological systems that ensure the adaptation  
of the body and the development of complications of the gestational process [4].  
Consequently, during induced pregnancy, changes in the course of already existing psychological  
disorders occur. At the same time, the identification of depression in this category of women is difficult, since  
many symptoms, such as the lability of the emotional background, increased fatigue, changes in appetite and a  
decrease in cognitive functions, are also often encountered during physiologically normal pregnancy [5, 12].  
The aim of study was to evaluate and determinate of special features of the psychological health of women  
with induced pregnancy and its relationship with nausea and vomiting.  
MATERIAL AND METHODS  
Ethical approval  
The review board and ethics committee of Tashkent Institute for Post-Graduate Medical Education  
approved the study protocol and informed consents were taken from all the participants.  
The study included 270 women with nausea and vomiting in the first trimester of induced pregnancy  
(NVIP). The psychological evaluation of pregnant women was carried out with the State-Trait Anxiety  
Inventory (STAI) developed by Charles D. Spielberger. According to Brunton et al. [1] in 41 studies, the  
Spielberger scale showed an average of 90% reliability in diagnosing the degree of anxiety in pregnant women.  
To cite this paper: Asatova MM, Saidazova ShSh, and Voitova GA. 2019. Features of the Psychoemotional Condition of Women with Induced Pregnancy. J. Life  
The STAI measures two types of anxiety state anxiety, or anxiety about an event, and trait anxiety, or  
anxiety level as a trait characteristic. Higher scores are positively correlated with higher levels of anxiety. The  
STAI is a test/questionnaire given to adults that shows how strong a person’s feelings of anxiety are. Feelings of  
unease, worry, tension, and stress can be defined as anxiety. The STAI tests two different types of anxiety, state  
and trait anxiety.  
Scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores correlating with greater anxiety. The creators of this test  
separated the different anxieties so both scales would be reliable. This means the S-anxiety scale would only  
measure S-anxiety and the T-anxiety scale would only measure T-anxiety, the ultimate goal in creating this test.  
They found they could not achieve this if the questions were the same to examine both types of anxiety. Each  
scale asks twenty questions each and is rated on a 4-point scale [7, 13].  
Low scores indicate a mild form of anxiety whereas median scores indicate a moderate form of anxiety and  
high scores indicate a severe form of anxiety. Both scales have anxiety absent and anxiety present questions.  
Anxiety absent questions represent the absence of anxiety in a statement like, “I feel secure.” Anxiety present  
questions represent the presence of anxiety in a statement like “I feel worried.”  
More examples from the STAI on anxiety absent and present questions are listed below. Each measure has  
a different rating scale. The 4-point scale for S-anxiety is as follows: 1) not at all, 2) somewhat, 3) moderately so,  
4) very much so. The 4-point scale for T-anxiety is as follows: 1) almost never, 2) sometimes, 3) often, 4) almost  
always.  
RESULTS  
As can be seen from figure 1 during the psychological evaluation of anxiety, the distribution of patients  
according to the Spielberger scale was as follows:  
- Low anxiety occurred in 31 (11,5%) pregnant women with NVIP,  
- In 118 (43.7%) cases a moderate level of trait anxiety was established,  
- 121 (44.8%) women have a high level of anxiety.  
According to our data, most of the surveyed women with NVIP experienced a high level of situational  
anxiety, which amounted to 72.2% (n = 195). For moderate and low degrees of state anxiety, approximately equal  
frequency was registered, 14.1% (n = 38) and 13.7% (n = 37), respectively.  
Such a high rate of state anxiety in women with induced pregnancy is due to the fact that the symptoms of  
nausea and vomiting in the first trimester led to an increase in the initially existing anxiety and depression.  
Thus, state or situational anxiety with NVIP arose as an emotional reaction to nausea and vomiting, as to a  
stressful situation. At the same time, state anxiety, different in intensity and dynamism in time, was observed  
characteristic of induced pregnancy. In order to obtain the characteristics of the mental health of women with  
induced pregnancy and developed NVIP, we found it interesting to have a more detailed study of state anxiety.  
In the course of studying the results of situational (state) psychodiagnostics on the Spielberger scale, the  
response rate “very much so” to the specific for anxiety syndrome of pregnant women with NVIP judgments  
was analyzed (Table 1).  
The state of tension and regretful from the current situation was noted by 175 (64.8%), anxiety and  
nervousness were registered in 158 (58.5%) and 207 (76.7%) cases, respectively. 147 (54.4%) and 187 (69.3%)  
women, respectively, noted their excitement for possible failures and concern.  
80%  
72.2%  
Mild anxiety (≤30)  
70%  
Moderate anxiety (31-44 )  
60%  
Severe anxiety (≥45)  
50%  
44.8%  
43.7%  
40%  
30%  
20%  
10%  
0%  
14.1%  
13.7%  
11.5%  
Trait anxiety  
State anxiety  
Figure 1. Distribution of STAI according to trait and state anxiety degree of women with NVIP  
To cite this paper: Asatova MM, Saidazova ShSh, and Voitova GA. 2019. Features of the Psychoemotional Condition of Women with Induced Pregnancy. J. Life  
Table 1. The results of the situational (state) anxiety evaluation in pregnant women according to the Spielberger  
scale score STAI  
Moderately  
so  
Very much  
so  
Statements  
Not at all  
Somewhat  
1.  
I feel calm  
134  
135  
0
121  
129  
39  
32  
71  
15  
6
0
0
2.  
3.  
4.  
5.  
6.  
7.  
8.  
9.  
I feel secure  
I am tense  
56  
63  
6
175  
175  
0
I am regretful  
0
I feel at ease  
193  
0
I feel upset  
77  
41  
37  
43  
4
78  
69  
36  
65  
3
115  
147  
0
I am presently worrying about possible misfortunes  
13  
I feel rested  
197  
4
I feel anxious  
158  
0
10. I feel comfortable  
11. I feel self-confident  
12. I feel nervous  
263  
195  
0
39  
27  
57  
52  
23  
27  
37  
54  
33  
38  
36  
36  
63  
53  
13  
0
0
207  
150  
165  
0
13. I am jittery  
0
14. I feel "high strung"  
15. I am relaxed  
0
234  
243  
0
16. I feel content  
0
17. I am worried  
46  
79  
0
187  
137  
0
18. I feel over-exited and rattled  
19. I feel joyful  
0
237  
232  
20. I feel pleasant  
0
0
1) not at all, 2) somewhat, 3) moderately so, 4) very much so.  
DISCUSSION  
Until recently, the assessment of the course of induced pregnancy was mainly reduced to the study of  
physiological processes and their corresponding complications, the biological side was mainly studied, and only  
in recent years did interest arise in the psychological problems of induced pregnancy. Also, in the majority of  
works on this topic, not paid attention to social aspects. It is believed that socially conditioned stress  
contributes to the development of psycho-emotional tension and the progression of symptoms of threatened  
abortion [9, 10].  
As for the studies of the psycho-emotional status of pregnant women suffering from nausea and vomiting,  
they are not numerous, but researchers point to the existence of a close interdependence of mental functions  
and biological processes, having data on changes in biochemical parameters in the use of psychotherapy and  
improving the quality of life of patients [11].  
State anxiety can be defined as fear, nervousness, discomfort, etc. and the arousal of the autonomic  
nervous system induced by different situations that are perceived as dangerous. This type of anxiety refers  
more to how a person is feeling at the time of a perceived threat and is considered temporary [6].  
Trait anxiety can be defined as feelings of stress, worry, discomfort, etc. that one experiences on a day to  
day basis. This is usually perceived as how people feel across typical situations that everyone experiences on a  
daily basis.  
State anxiety with nausea and vomiting induced pregnancy was manifested by tension, internal stiffness,  
anxiety, nervousness, and anxiety. During pregnancy, due to changes in hormonal and psychoemotional  
background in women with induced pregnancy, an increase in the level of state anxiety occurs. As the  
symptoms of the NVIP increase and worsen, the anxiety and stress increase.  
CONCLUSION  
The study of the psycho-emotional state of women with NVIP revealed that 44.8% of them had a high level of  
trait anxiety, and 72.2% noted a rise in the level of situational anxiety, which arises as a result of the emotional  
reaction to NVIP. It should be noted that, regardless of the severity of NVIP during induced pregnancy, 87.7% of  
women report a feeling of tension and anxiety about abortion.  
The data obtained from the high frequency of severe forms of NVIP and anxiety-depressive conditions  
among women with induced pregnancy serve as an argument for the early administration of psychologist's  
consultations, as one of the main links in the treatment of NVIP.  
To cite this paper: Asatova MM, Saidazova ShSh, and Voitova GA. 2019. Features of the Psychoemotional Condition of Women with Induced Pregnancy. J. Life  
DECLARATIONS  
Authors’ Contributions  
All authors contributed equally to this work.  
Competing interests  
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.  
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To cite this paper: Asatova MM, Saidazova ShSh, and Voitova GA. 2019. Features of the Psychoemotional Condition of Women with Induced Pregnancy. J. Life